Social Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Social Security - Essay Example The funds are formally entrusted to the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Old Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Medical Insurance Trust Fund. These bodies comprise the Social Security Trust Funds. Only with a few exceptions, all salaried incomes in the United States have SECA taxes or FICA taxes collected on them. In addition, all legal residents of the United States working within its boundaries now have a Social Security Number and are beneficiaries of the trust fund with just a few exceptions. In essence, almost all legal residents of the United States, both working and non-working, have the Social Security Number. This is because the number is needed to do almost all basic things in the states; from acquiring a job to paying taxes to IRS (Harbotle & Weigand, 2013). Social Security Program did not arrive in America until 1935. There was, however, one precursor that signified the current Social Security Program to a section of Americans before the arrival of the contemporary program of social security. Following the Civil War in the country, there were thousands of disabled war veterans, orphans and widows. Immediately after the war, a majority of Americans were either disabled or helpless dependents of diseased breadwinners. The situation led to the development of a generosity pension program with the same features as Social Security Program that would later develop. For soldiers, a pension program was passed long before the establishment of the Social Security Program (in 1776 even before the signing of Declaration of Independence). All through the country’s ante-bellum period, the government paid pensions of limited types to all veterans of various wars. The first fully fledged pension developed in America for the maiden time upon the creation of Civil War Pensions. In January 1935, Committee on Economic Security introduced

Key Insights into Organizational Behavior Essay

Key Insights into Organizational Behavior - Essay Example The fundamental catalysts for why these situations occur are attributed to poor management philosophy, inferior cultural development and awareness principles, badly-implemented change processes, and a perceived lack of procedural justice. At the same time, psycho-social characteristics among a diverse group of employees and managers are considerably different and, therefore, each employee or manager at the organization responds differently according to their emotions or political objectives. The end result with all of these issues is conflict that must be mitigated in order for the organization to have a well-developed and unified culture where trust is found throughout the entire organization. Organizational Trust Organizational trust is characterized by the level of confidence and reliance that individuals within the organization maintain for their coworkers, managers or the organization itself. Several theorists offer the concept of authentic trust, in which employees start with s mall steps to gain trust, generally progressing upwards based on experience. â€Å"Building such a relationship in the workplace is a reciprocal process with both the employee and the employer voluntarily assume responsibility for its initiation, development, and maintenance through high levels of affection and respect† (Starnes, Truhon & McCarthy, 2010, p. 5). Breakdowns of trust-building in the organization can include individuals with highly self- motivated political objectives or those who illustrate poor integrity, essentially promising one action and then delivering opposite action or behavioral outcomes. Social learning theory provides the concept of role modeling in which individual in an organization will be attracted to those who are perceived to be credible and thus attempt to adopt their role model’s characteristics. This is akin to transformational leadership, where the manager or employee maintains very high morals, sets the example for others, and uses v ision and mission statements in communications to foster organizational support (Ackoff, 2008). If, at any time during interpersonal discussion or through social negotiations, the individual illustrates unreliable or conflicting action versus pledges, organizational trust is reduced between the two parties or groups. Ultimately, breakdowns in trust lead to long-term suspicion and perceived threats to social security and thus conflict positive teamworking and organizational culture unity. In general, employees in the organization have a very dark view of the term â€Å"politics.† Leaders and managers within the organization need to, oftentimes, abandon their own ambitions in favor of the organizational constituents. This is a form of emotional intelligence that is required to be an effective leader and also satisfy diverse employee needs at the psychological level. This often means rejecting self-motivated political objectives to illustrate a transformational philosophy that i s people-centered and focused on human development and honesty through both communications and actions. Kacmar, Bozeman, Carlson, and Anthony (1999) describe the true definition of